Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health challenge. In countries with low annual incidence (≤ 10 cases/100,000 population), it mainly affects vulnerable populations with difficult access to care. In this context, passive case-finding systems may not be effective in detecting and treating all cases. Active case finding (ACF) strategies in these at-risk groups are essential to detect active or latent TB cases, improve treatment outcomes, and prevent transmission. This review addresses current ACF strategies in vulnerable populations, drawing on recent international guidelines. In addition, a focus on the situation in Barcelona is provided as an example of local implementation.
